[Health consequences of violence against women by the couple]. / Consecuencias para la salud de la violencia contra la mujer por la pareja.

Intimate partner violence against women (IPV) has devastating effects on the healthcare and well-being of women and their children. Physical, psychological, and social consequences, a worse perception of their own health, and loss of quality of life are well-documented, while aftereffects persist in time even after the end of abuse. Psychological consequences of abuse last longer and are more serious. IPV also affects sons and daughters, disabled people, family, and the attacker himself. Many health problems, both physical and mental, that lead women to go to healthcare services in search of help have an origin in the violence they experience. Treatment of the symptoms without awareness of its relation to such violence favours medicalization, iatrogenesis, and chronification. Psychological violence poses a threat that is invisible, subtle, cumulative, and difficult to detect; it is, however, the most destructive.

Evaluación del impacto emocional de la pandemia COVID-19 en pacientes en hemodiálisis: un estudio transversal analítico / Evaluation Of The Emotional Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Hemodialysis Patients: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Antecedentes: Los pacientes en hemodiálisis padecen, debido a su diagnóstico y tratamiento, mayores niveles de ansiedad y depresión que la población general. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el impacto emocional generado por la COVID-19 en pacientes hemodializados. Método: Estudio transversal analítico en una muestra total de 88 pacientes mayores de 18 años que reciben hemodiálisis entre abril de 2021 y marzo de 2022. Se recogen variables sociodemográficas y clínicas incluyendo aquellas relacionadas con COVID-19. A todos los pacientes se les administran las escalas HADS y Kessler-10. Resultados: La puntuación media de la escala HADS-A fue de 5,3 (±3,732), de la HADS-D de 5,45 (±4,052) y de la Kessler-10 de 20,11(±7,499). Se observaron diferencias significativas entre aislados y no aislados en las escalas clínicas HADS-A (p=,002) y HADS-D (p=,005). Igualmente, aquellos pacientes con antecedentes psicopatológicos fueron significativamente más jóvenes (p=,014) y con una mayor puntuación en las escalas HADS-D (p=,016) y Kessler-10 (p=,035) que aquellos sin antecedentes. Conclusiones: No hubo asociación entre infección por COVID-19 y la clínica ansioso-depresiva en pacientes hemodializados. El aislamiento, en estos pacientes, no se asocia a la aparición de clínica psicopatológica, mientras que el hecho de haber presentado antecedentes psicopatológicos previos se asocia a su desarrollo.(AU)

Background: Hemodialysis patients suffer, due to their diagnosis and treatment, higher levels of anxiety and depression than the general population. The aim of this research is to know the emotional impact generated by COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients. Method: Analytical cross-sectional study in a total sample of 88 patients over 18 years of age receiving hemodialysis between April 2021 and March 2022. Sociodemographic and clinical variables including those related to COVID-19 are collected. All patients were administered the HADS and Kessler-10 scales. Results: The mean score of the HADS-A scale was 5.3(±3.732) of the HADS-D 5.45 (±4.052) and of the Kessler-10 20.11(±7.499). Significant differences were observed between isolated and non-isolated patients in the clinical scales HADS-A (p=.002) and HADS-D (p=.005). Likewise, those patients with a psychopathological history were significantly younger (p=.014) and scored higher on the HADS-D (p=.016) and Kessler-10 (p=.035) scales than those without a history. Conclusions: There was no association between COVID-19 infection and anxious-depressive symptoms in hemodialyzed patients. Isolation, in these patients, was not associated with the appearance of psychopathological symptoms, while the fact of having a previous history of psychopathology was associated with their development.(AU)

A Formação do Psicanalista e os Princípios de Seu Poder / The Psychoanalyst's Education and the Principles of its Power / La Formación del Psicoanalista y los Principios de su Poder

Este artigo se propõe a elaborar, a partir da formação do psicanalista e da política da psicanálise, a articulação entre os campos psicanalítico e da saúde mental. Para isso, parte-se do alerta de Freud quanto ao risco de a psicanálise figurar como uma técnica a mais, no rol das especialidades médicas, somado às questões colocadas por Franco Basaglia para a Psiquiatria e a Psicanálise. Compreende-se que tanto os questionamentos de Basaglia, quanto as justificativas dadas por Lacan em seu retorno a Freud, têm como possível elo o alerta quanto ao risco de reduzir o tratamento dispensado para sujeitos em situação de intenso sofrimento psíquico, bem como a formação ofertada no interior das instituições psicanalíticas, a um mero exercício de adequação social. Nesse sentido, indicamos ser a política do psicanalista, com seu radical compromisso com a perspectiva de não redução da Psicanálise à oferta de um tratamento que negue a condição de falta-a-ser do sujeito, uma perspectiva possível para situar o psicanalista frente ao aparelhamento das instituições, sejam as de saúde mental, sejam aquelas que atravessam a formação do psicanalista, como a Universidade e as Escolas de Psicanálise.

This article proposes to elaborate from the education of psychoanalysts and the politics of psychoanalysis, the articulation between the psychoanalytic and mental health fields. To that end, it starts with Freud's warning about the risk of psychoanalysis appearing as one more technique in the list of medical specialties, added to the questions raised by Franco Basaglia to Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis. It is understood that both Basaglia's questions and the justifications given by Lacan in his return to Freud have as a possible link the alert regarding the risk of reducing the treatment given to subjects in situations of intense psychic suffering, as well as the education offered in the within psychoanalytic institutions, to a mere exercise of social adequacy. In that sense, we indicate that the psychoanalyst's policy, with his radical commitment to the perspective of not reducing Psychoanalysis to the offer of a treatment that denies the subject's condition of lack-to-be, is a possible perspective to place the psychoanalyst in the face of the rigging of institutions, whether those of mental health or those that permeate the education of psychoanalysts, such as the University and Schools of Psychoanalysis.

Ese artículo se propone elaborar, a partir de la formación del psicoanalista y de la política del psicoanálisis, la articulación entre los campos psicoanalíticos y de la salud mental. Para eso, partimos de la alerta de Freud cuanto al riesgo del psicoanálisis engendrar como una técnica a más en el rol de las especialidades médicas, sumado a las cuestiones planteadas por Franco Basaglia para la Psiquiatría y el Psicoanálisis. Se entiende que tanto los cuestionamientos de Basaglia, cuanto las justificativas ofrecidas por Lacan en su retorno hacia Freud tienen como posible enlace la alerta cuanto, al riesgo en reducir el tratamiento dispensado para los sujetos en situación de intenso sufrimiento psíquico, así como la formación ofrecida en el interior de las instituciones psicoanalíticas, a un simples ejercicio de adecuación social. En ese sentido, indicaremos ser la política del psicoanalista, con su radical compromiso con la perspectiva de la no reducción del Psicoanálisis a una oferta de un tratamiento que niegue la condición de falta-a-ser del sujeto, una perspectiva posible para situar el psicoanalista frente al preparo de las instituciones, sean de salud mental, sean aquellas que atraviesan la formación del psicoanalista, como la Universidad y las Escuelas de Psicoanálisis.

Ergonomia en actividades académicas desde casa

Introducción: A consecuencia de la emergencia sanitaria por el virus SARS-CoV2, las actividades académicas migraron de forma repentina a un entorno de trabajo remoto; esto provocó que los hogares de todo el mundo se convirtieran en el asentamiento urgente de las estaciones de trabajo académico. La ergonomia como disciplina científica cobra relevancia al ser un aliado subsanador para mitigar los riesgos asociados con la aparición de lesiones musculoesqueléticas. De acuerdo con la memoria estadística del Instituto Mexicano de Seguridad Social, IMSS1, en el primer año de pandemia de COVID-19 se registraron 30 860 atenciones por lesiones en la región de manos y muñecas, 9696 en la zona de cabeza y cuello, 6251 dorsopatías y 1673 atenciones por astenopia a jóvenes de entre 18 a 29 años que desarrollaban actividades escolares. Objetivo: En este sentido, se aborda la presente investigación para conocer la composición de los espacios de trabajo académico en casa y analizar si existen factores o elementos que incidan en el riesgo de lesiones musculoesqueléticas en los estudiantes del nivel superior. Metodología: A través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que cuenta con el constructo latente de las posibles lesiones (PL) en manos, espalda, piernas, cabeza, vista, oído, agotamiento físico y la respiración, las variables observables se atribuyen a los espacios utilizados para las actividades académicas en casa, muebles y equipos, Condiciones y Medio Ambiente (CyMAT). Resultados y discusión: Se encontró que un mal diseño de la estación de trabajo académico en casa, aunado a la utilización inadecuada de los muebles y equipos, aumenta la posibilidad de presentar síntomas asociados con las LMEs y, por tanto, daños en la salud del estudiante. Conclusión: La mediación de las estaciones de trabajo a través de la implementación de elementos ergonómicos mejora de forma sustancial la calidad de trabajo académico en casa, y hace evidente la importancia de la ergonomía como disciplina científica.

Introduction: As a result of the health emergency of the SARS-CoV2 virus, academic activities suddenly migrated to a remote work environment, causing homes around the world to become the urgent settlement of academic workstations. Ergonomics as a scientific discipline becomes relevant as it is a healing ally to mitigate the risks associated with the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries. According to the statistical report of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, IMSS1, in the first year of the COVID 19 pandemic, 30,860 care for injuries in the hands and wrists region, 9,696 in the head and neck area, 6,251 dorsopathies and 1,673 care for asthenopia were registered to young people between 18 and 29 years old who develop school activities. Objective: In this sense, this research is addressed to know the composition of academic workspaces at home and analyze if some factors or elements affect the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in students of the higher level. Methodology: Through a structural equations model that has the latent construct of possible injuries (PL) in the hands, back, legs, head, eyesight, hearing, physical exhaustion, and breathing; the observable variables are attributed to the spaces used for academic activities at home, furniture and equipment, conditions and environment (CyMAT) Results and discussion: It is explored that a bad design of the academic workstation at home coupled with the inappropriate use of furniture and equipment increases the possibility of presenting symptoms associated with SCI and therefore, damage to the student's health. Conclusion: The mediation of workstations through the implementation of ergonomic elements substantially improves the quality of academic work at home, making evident the importance of ergonomics as a scientific discipline

Malestar psicológico y síntomas psicopatológicos en pacientes recuperados de COVID-19

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el malestar psicológico y los síntomas psicopatológicos en pacientes recuperados de COVID-19. Se trabajó con metodología mixta, cuali-cuantitativa. Método: Participaron del estudio 131 adultos de entre 21 y 76 años (68,7 % habían padecido COVID- 19), quienes completaron un cuestionario personal y el Inventario de Síntomas de Derogatis Revisado [SCL-90-R]. Adicionalmente se efectuaron 10 entrevistas semi-estructuradas en pacientes recuperados de COVID-19 que debieron hospitalizarse a causa de la enfermedad. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que los participantes recuperados de COVID-19 reportaban mayores niveles de malestar y síntomas psicopatológicos luego de su recuperación, en comparación con los participantes que no contrajeron la enfermedad. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) para casi todos los indicadores, a excepción de Sensibilidad interpersonal e Ideación paranoide (p = 0,06). Además, los pacientes que fueron hospitalizados, pero no fueron intervenidos con respiración asistida, presentaron indicadores más altos para Somatizaciones y para Obsesiones y compulsiones en comparación al grupo que fue internado con respirador (p < 0,05). Complementaria- mente, el análisis cualitativo sugiere que los participantes hospitalizados experimentaron malestar y distintas consecuencias por la internación y la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Los resultados están en línea con lo reportado en la literatura y sugieren la importancia de la contención psicológica como complementaria a la recuperación física.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate psychological distress and psychopathological symptoms in patients recovered from COVID-19. For this purpose, we worked with a mixed, quali-quantitative methodology. Method: A total of 131 adults between 21 and 76 years of age (68,7 % had suffered COVID-19) participated in the study, completing a personal questionnaire and the Symptom Check-List-90-R [SCL-90-R]. In addition, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with recovered COVID-19 patients who had to be hospitalized because of the disease. Results: The results indicated that participants who recovered from COVID-19 reported higher levels of distress and psychopathological symptoms after their recovery, compared to participants who did not contract the disease. Statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) were found for almost all indicators, except for Interpersonal Sensitivity and Paranoid Ideation (p = 0,06). Additionally, patients who were hospitalized but not given assisted breathing interventions showed higher indicators for Somatization and Obsessions and Compulsions compared to the group that was hospitalized with a ventilator (p < 0,05). Furthermore, the qualitative analysis suggests that hospitalized participants experienced distress and different consequences from hospitalization and the disease. Discussions: The results are in line with what has been reported in the literature and suggest the importance of psychological support as a complement to physical recovery.

Factors associated with mental health in Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre quantitative study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the mental health status and associated factors of Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Descriptive, multicentre, correlational study that used the "Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)", the "Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)" and the "Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)" questionnaires to evaluate mental health problems. RESULTS: A total of 1,238 students from 8 Peruvian medical schools participated in the study. Of these, 68.5% were women, and the mean age was 21.4 years. Depressive symptoms were found in 74% of the participants, anxiety symptoms in 57% and distress symptoms in 65%. The variables associated with the development of symptoms of moderate-severe depression, anxiety and distress were: not having family economic stability, being in the first years of medical training, being female, and fearing that their medical training would be delayed and impaired. CONCLUSIONS: In a sample of medical students surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems were common. The factors associated with mental health reported in this study could be useful in identifying vulnerable medical students who require timely psychosocial support and/or psychiatric care.

Programa de inoculación de estrés para el manejo del malestar emocional asociado a la terapia de células CAR-T: caso clínico / Stress inoculation program for the management of emotional distress associated with CART Cell Therapy: A case study

Objetivo: se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente con linfoma B difuso candidata a recibir tratamiento de células CART, con la que se utiliza un programa de inoculación de estrés debido a las características de la enfermedad y del tratamiento médico, además de la incertidumbre asociada. Metodología: programa de diez sesiones de intervención que se divide en tres fases: conceptualización, que incluye el modelo teórico de estrés y de intolerancia a la incertidumbre; adquisición de estrategias y ensayo que incorpora técnicas de desactivación y cognitivas, planificación de actividades y entrenamiento en habilidades de comunicación; consolidación. Resultados: se evidencia una reducción del malestar emocional, de la sintomatología de ansiedad y bajo estado de ánimo, así como de los niveles de fatiga. Respecto a las estrategias de afrontamiento, tras la intervención psicológica se mantiene el estilo de preocupación ansiosa, aunque se observa un mejor uso de recursos asociados al afrontamiento de espíritu de lucha. Conclusión: la aplicación sistemática de programas para el manejo del estrés puede suponer una estrategia útil y efectiva para la mejora de la salud mental de los pacientes que van a someterse a tratamiento de células CART (AU)

Objective: A case report is presented of a patient with diffuse B lymphoma who is a candidate for CART cell therapy using a stress inoculation program due to the characteristics of the disease and medical treatment and the associated uncertainty. Methodology: psychological program intervention with 10 sessions, divided into three phases: Conceptualization, including the theoretical model of stress and uncertainty intolerance; strategy acquisition and rehearsal, incorporating deactivation and cognitive techniques, activity planning and communication skills training; consolidation. Results: there was a reduction in emotional distress, anxiety symptoms and mood, as well as fatigue levels. In terms of coping strategies, after the psychological intervention, the anxious worrying style is maintained, although a better use of the resources associated with coping with a fighting spirit is observed. Conclusion: Systematic application of stress management programs can be a useful and effective strategy for improving the mental health of patients undergoing CART cell treatment (AU)

Somatic symptom distress and ICD-11 prolonged grief in a large intercultural sample.

Background: Grief is a multi-faceted experience including emotional, social, and physical reactions. Research in ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in different cultural contexts has revealed different or potentially missing grief symptoms that may be relevant.Objective: This study thus aimed to explore the prevalence of somatic symptom distress and its associations with grief and negative affect in a culturally diverse sample of bereaved individuals with symptoms of PGD.Methods: Based on cross-sectional survey data from the Measurement and Assessment of Grief (MAGIC) project, this study included 1337 participants (mean age 23.79 yrs, 76.1% female) from three regions (USA: 62.3%, Turkey/Iran: 24.2%, Cyprus/Greece: 13.5%), who experienced a loss of a significant other. Associations between somatic symptom distress (Somatic Symptom Scale, SSS-8), symptoms of PGD (International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale, IPGDS-33), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) as well as demographic and loss related characteristics were investigated. Three hundred and thirteen participants (23.4%) scored above the proposed cut-off for clinically severe PGD.Results: 'High' or 'very high' levels of somatic symptom distress were more frequent in a possible PGD group (58.2%), than in a non-PGD group (22.4%), p < .001, as divided per cut-off in the IPGDS. In a multiple regression analysis, PGD symptoms were significantly but weakly associated with somatic symptom distress (ß = 0.08, p < .001) beyond demographics, loss-related variables, and negative affect. Negative affect (anxiety and depression) mediated the relationship of PGD symptoms with somatic symptom distress and the indirect effect explained 58% of the variance.Conclusions: High levels of somatic symptom distress can be observed in a substantial proportion of bereaved across cultures. Our findings suggest that PGD is related to somatic symptom distress partly and indirectly through facets of negative affect.

30.8% of bereaved adults showed 'high' or 'very high' levels of somatic symptom distress.Anxiety and depression partially mediate relationship of PGD symptoms with somatic symptom distress.Findings encourage practitioners to consider somatic symptom distress in psychotherapeutic treatment of PGD.

Revisión sistemática sobre beneficios de psicodélicos en pacientes al final de la vida con malestar emocional / Systematic review of emotional distress management with psychedelics in end-of-life care

Antecedentes y objetivo: Los pacientes en cuidados paliativos experimentan con frecuencia malestar emocional al final de la vida, lo que genera sufrimiento y plantea desafíos para los profesionales de la salud, ya que los tratamientos convencionales tienen un beneficio limitado. Nuestro objetivo fue revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia sobre sustancias psicodélicas que han surgido como alternativa para el manejo del malestar emocional al final de la vida. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed, Ovid Medline y CINHAL hasta el 13 de septiembre de 2022. Se incluyeron artículos originales con un diseño controlado aleatorizado que reportaran el uso de psicodélicos (psilocibina, ácido lisérgico de dietilamida, dipropiltriptamina o ayahuasca) en el tratamiento de síntomas de malestar emocional de pacientes al final de la vida. Resultados: Se encontraron 6 ensayos clínicos controlados referentes al tema. Cuatro evaluaron la psilocibina en 113 pacientes y reportaron reducción del malestar emocional dado por síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, desmoralización, desesperanza e ideación suicida en los pacientes paliativos. Dos estudios evaluaron el ácido lisérgico de dietilamida en 54 pacientes y hallaron una reducción en la ansiedad, depresión, temor a la muerte y mejoría en la calidad de vida. No se encontró ningún estudio que evaluara la dipropiltriptamina o la ayahuasca en cuidados paliativos. Ninguno de los psicodélicos evaluados causó efectos adversos serios ni duraderos. Conclusiones: La psilocibina y el ácido lisérgico de dietilamida son tratamientos experimentales con resultados prometedores por su seguridad, duración y efectividad para los síntomas de malestar emocional refractarios en pacientes al final de la vida. (AU)

Background and goals: Patients in palliative care often experience emotional distress at the end of life, which creates suffering and poses challenges for health professionals, since conventional treatments have limited benefits. Our goal was to systematically review the evidence about the psychedelic substances that have emerged as an alternative for the management of emotional distress in end-of-life care. Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out in PubMed, Ovid Medline, and CINHAL until September 13, 2022. Original articles with a randomized controlled design were included that reported the use of psychedelics (psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, dipropyltryptamine or ayahuasca) in the treatment of symptoms of emotional distress in palliative care patients at the end of life.Results: Six controlled clinical trials related to the topic were found. Four studies evaluated psilocybin in 113 patients and reported a reduction of emotional distress symptoms such as anxiety, depression, demoralization, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation in palliative patients. Two studies evaluated lysergic acid diethylamide in 54 patients and found reduced anxiety, depression, fear of death, and improved quality of life. No studies were found that evaluated dipropyltryptamine or ayahuasca in palliative care. None of the evaluated psychedelics caused severe or lasting adverse effects. Conclusions: Psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide are experimental treatments with promising results because of their safety, duration, and effectiveness for refractory emotional distress symptoms in patients at the end of life. (AU)

Factors associated with mental health in Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre quantitative study

Objective: To assess the mental health status and associated factors of Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Descriptive, multicentre, correlational study that used the "Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)", the "Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)" and the "Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)" questionnaires to evaluate mental health problems. Results: A total of 1,238 students from 8 Peruvian medical schools participated in the study. Of these, 68.5% were women, and the mean age was 21.4 years. Depressive symptoms were found in 74% of the participants, anxiety symptoms in 57% and distress symptoms in 65%. The variables associated with the development of symptoms of moderate-severe depression, anxiety and distress were: not having family economic stability, being in the first years of medical training, being female, and fearing that their medical training would be delayed and impaired. Conclusions: In a sample of medical students surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems were common. The factors associated with mental health reported in this study could be useful in identifying vulnerable medical students who require timely psychosocial support and/or psychiatric care.

Objetivo: Evaluar el estado de salud mental y sus factores asociados en una muestra de estudiantes de Medicina peruanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos:Estudio descriptivo, multicéntrico y correlacional que utilizó las escalas Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) e Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) para evaluar los problemas de salud mental. Resultados: Participaron en total 1.238 estudiantes de 8 facultades de Medicina de Perú. El 68,5% eran mujeres y la media de edad, 21,4 anos. Se encontraron síntomas depresivos en el 74% de los participantes, síntomas de ansiedad en el 57% y síntomas de malestar en el 65%. Las variables asociadas con la aparición de síntomas depresivos moderados-graves, ansiedad y malestar fueron no tener estabilidad económica familiar, estar en los primeros an os de formación médica, ser mujer y sentir el temor de que su formación médica se retrase y se deteriore. Conclusiones: En una muestra de estudiantes de Medicina encuestados durante la pandemia de COVID-19, los problemas de salud mental fueron comunes. Los factores asociados con la salud mental reportados en este estudio podrían ser útiles para identificar a los estudiantes de Medicina vulnerables que requieran apoyo psicosocial y/o atención psiquiátrica oportuna.

El papel mediador de la fuerza del compromiso entre los estilos de procesamiento de la identidad y el bienestar de jóvenes adultos emergentes / The mediating role of the strength of commitment between the styles of identity processing and the well-being of emerging young adults

Los estilos de identidad buscan conocer cómo las personas se manejan diariamente en las situaciones buscando un compromiso identitario. En este trabajo se propone conocer si los estilos de identidad varían según la edad y el sexo, y analizar la relación entre estos y la fuerza del compromiso con variables de bienestar y malestar psicológico. Método: 278 participantes (M = 22.03; DT = 2.65) reclutados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por bola de nieve cumplimentaron los cuestionarios. Resultados: Las mujeres puntuaron más alto en fuerza del compromiso y ellos adoptaron más un estilo difuso-evitativo. El estilo informacional correlacionó positivamente con las variables de bienestar (optimismo y florecimiento); el estilo normativo con depresión y ansiedad y el estilo difuso-evitativo correlacionó positivamente con las variables de malestar (depresión, ansiedad y estrés) y negativamente con las de bienestar. Finalmente, a mayor fuerza del compromiso más bienestar y menos malestar. La fuerza del compromiso media parcial o totalmente la relación entre estilos identitarios y las variables de bienestar/malestar. Conclusiones: Se deduce la importancia de la fuerza del compromiso en el bienestar personal y la necesidad de favorecer el desarrollo de la identidad de nuestros jóvenes.(AU)

Background:Identity styles seek to know how people handle themselves daily in situations looking for an identity commitment. This ar-ticle aims to find out whether identity styles vary according to age and sex, and to analyze the relation between these identity styles and the strength of commitment with variables of well-being and psychological distress. In ad-dition, it investigates whether commitment mediates between identity styles, well-being and psychological distress.Method:278 participants (M = 22.03; DT = 2.65), recruited through a non-probabilistic snowball sam-pling, completed the questionnaires. Results:Women scored higher in strength of commitment and men adopted a more diffusive-avoidant style. Age did not relate to identity style. The informational stylecorrelated posi-tively with well-being variables (flourishing and optimism); the normative style with depression and anxiety and the diffuse-avoidant style correlated positively with psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) and negatively with well-being. Finally, the greater the strength of commitment found, the more flourishing and optimism and the less psychological dis-tress there was. The strength of commitment partially or totally mediated the relationship between identity styles and thevariables of well-being / psychological distress. Conclusions:The importance of the strength of com-mitment in personal well-being and the necessity to favour the develop-ment of young people ́s identity is observed / deduced.(AU)

Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos / Influence of psychological time and self-control on psychological distress in Argentinian adults

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si la temporalidad subjetiva -perspectiva y foco temporales- y la capacidad de autocontrol e impulsividad repercuten en el malestar psicológico, en particular durante la pandemia por COVID-19. La conjetura teórica es que el tiempo psicológico está estrechamente vinculado a la autorregulación, que influye en el desarrollo de la impulsividad y el autocontrol e impacta en el malestar psicológico. Se diseñó un modelo y se realizó un estudio empírico cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal (. = 279; 78 % mujeres; ME = 30.14 años; DE = 11.21). Los resultados del análisis de correlación mostraron relaciones significativas entre las variables de interés. Para determinar las variables predictoras del malestar psicológico se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. El 48 % de la varianza del malestar psicológico fue explicado por el pasado negativo, autocontrol e impulsividad, y focos temporales futuro y presente. Finalmente, se probó el modelo teórico diseñado para analizar los efectos directos e indirectos del malestar psicológico a través de un análisis de senderos que presentó un buen ajuste a los datos, ya que explicó el 50 % de la varianza de aquel. La perspectiva y el foco temporal explicaron el 53 % de la variabilidad del autocontrol, y presentaron efectos indirectos sobre el malestar psicológico a través del autocontrol. El autocontrol influyó de manera inversa en el malestar. Los hallazgos indican que el tiempo subjetivo y el autocontrol sirven para explicar estados psicológicos, incluso en pandemia, lo cual confirma estudios previos que muestran la importancia de las variables de personalidad -además de las biológicas y contextuales- en la aparición de malestar psicológico.

Abstract Psychological time is an essential aspect of humans. Two of the most important notions of subjective temporality are time perspective and temporal focus. Time perspective is a process by which the flow of personal and social experiences are framed in five different temporal categories: past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future. Temporal focus refers to the attention people devote to thinking about the past, present, and future. Previous research shows there is a strong relation between psychological time and self-regulatory processes, specifically self-control and impulsivity. Self-control is the ability to inhibit impulsive behaviors or reactions that can keep the person from pursuing the proposed goals. On the other hand, impulsivity refers to a short attention span and a tendency to engage in risky behaviors, and to prefer immediate rewards. Both subjective temporality and self-regulatory processes influence behaviors and psychological states such as psychological distress. In particular, the objective of this study was to find out if subjective temporality -time perspective and temporal focus-- and self-control and impulsivity have repercussions on psychological distress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, in an Argentinian sample. The theoretical conjecture is that subjective temporality is closely linked to self-regulation, which influences the development of impulsivity and self-control, and impacts psychological distress. A quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional empirical study was carried out (. = 279; 78 % women; ME = 30.14 years old; SD = 11.21). Firstly, the results of the correlational analysis showed significant relations between the variables. Then, to facilitate further analyses, an index variable of self-control was created, which included the scores of self-control and three dimensions of impulsivity. An optimal parallel analysis was performed. It indicated the existence of a single dimension. Then a semi-confirmatory factor analysis was ran, which showed acceptable results (KMO = .68; X. (6) = 198.8, . < .001; GFI = .99; RMSR = 0.03). Thirdly, to determine the predictive variables of psychological distress, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It was found that 48 % of the variance of psychological distress was explained by negative past, self-control index, and future and present temporal focuses (. (4, 266) = 64.66, . < .001, R. = .49, R. adjusted = .48). The best predictor variable was past negative. Afterwards, a theoretical model was tested to explain the direct and indirect causes of psychological distress. It presented a good fit (X./gl = 1.63; GFI = .99; RMSEA = .04). Time perspective and temporal focus explained 53 % of the variability of self-control and presented indirect effects on psychological distress through self-control. Self-control inversely influenced psychological distress; more self-control generates less psychological distress. The model explained half of the variance of psychological distress (R. = .50). The findings indicate that subjective temporality and self-control explain psychological states, even during a pandemic, which confirms previous studies that show the importance of personality variables -in addition to biological and contextual variables- in the manifestation of psychological distress. The results support the theory that psychological time can be considered as a personality trait underlying self-control and psychological distress. A theoretical and practical discussion of the results is presented.

Uso pasivo de redes sociales y malestar psicológico. El rol de la comparación social / Passive use of social media sites and psychological distress. The role of social comparison

Resumen La presente investigación se focalizó en los diferentes tipos de uso (activo/pasivo) que hacen los usuarios de redes sociales y los efectos psicológicos que esto puede conllevar, sobre todo en aquellos sujetos tendientes a compararse con los demás. Por un lado, se examinó el poder predictor de variables relacionadas al uso de redes sociales (i. e., tiempo de conexión, tipo de uso -pasivo/activo-, motivaciones de uso) y la comparación social, sobre el malestar psicológico percibido (i. e., depresión, ansiedad, estrés). Por otro lado, se analizó el rol mediador de la comparación social en la relación entre el uso pasivo de redes sociales y la percepción de malestar psicológico percibido. La muestra fue de conveniencia y estuvo compuesta por 420 sujetos de población general (211 hombres, 209 mujeres), con una media de edad de 40.29 años (DE = 14.93). Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos de recolección de datos: Motives for SMSs use Scale; Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM-E), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) y una escala diseñada ad-hoc para evaluar el uso activo y pasivo que se hace de redes sociales. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la comparación social es el principal predictor de malestar psicológico junto con el motivo de uso relacionado con pasatiempo/exhibicionismo. Además, se pudo comprobar un efecto indirecto del uso pasivo sobre el malestar psicológico considerando a la comparación social como variable mediadora. Por lo tanto, usar pasivamente las redes generaría mayor malestar si el usuario tiende a compararse con quienes realizan las publicaciones.

Abstract The present investigation is framed in the field of cyberpsychology. It aimed to analyze the predictive power of variables related to the use of social media sites -SMSs- (i. e., connection time, type of use -passive / active-, motivations for use) and social comparison, on perceived psychological distress (i. e., depression, anxiety, stress). Furthermore, the mediating role of social comparison in the relationship between the passive use of SMSs and the perceived psychological distress, was also analyzed. It is important to study these topics since different international studies have shown inconsistent and contradictory results regarding the effects of SMSs use on individuals' well-being (e. g., Frison y Eggermont, 2015; Kraut et al., 2002; Nie et al., 2015). Consequently, some studies have focused on understanding whether the manner in which people use the networks, whether actively or passively, explains how technology impacts on users' well-being and/or psychological distress (Verduyn et al., 2015). The negative impact of passive use of SMSs can be explained by the Social Comparison Theory (Festinger, 1954), which suggests that people tend to evaluate themselves in comparison with others. These comparisons might generate negative effects on the individual (Giagkou et al., 2018) and, according to Lup et al. (2015), social comparison may be a mediating variable in this association. Regarding participants of the study, a convenience sample of 420 subjects of general population was studied (211 men, 209 women). The mean age was 40.29 years old (SD = 14.93). The majority of the participants (n = 278) lived in Buenos Aires City and surroundings. In terms of variables related to the use of SMSs, when asked about type of SMSs, most participants reported using more than one SMS, mainly Facebook (72 %) and Instagram (57 %). Regarding time spent on SMSs, 60 % of the respondents used their favorite SMS more than three times a day. The mean daily time engaged on all the SMSs exceeded five hours. Data were gathered using the Motives for SMSs use Scale (Lupano Perugini y Castro Solano, 2021a), the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM-E) (Buunk et al., 2005; Gibbons y Buunk, 1999), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) (Antúnez y Vinet, 2012; Lovibond y Lovibond, 1995). Furthermore, a survey to assess individuals' use of social networks was designed. The first part explored the most frequently used SMSs, the number and type of friends/followers, and the time spent on SMSs. The main SMSs were listed and participants were asked to indicate whether they used them or not, and if they did, they rated the amount of time spent on SMSs daily. The total amount of time per day was also surveyed. The second part of the survey was designed based on The Passive Active Use Measure (PAUM, Gerson et al., 2017) and some users' suggestions. This instrument assesses the frequency of certain activities performed on the networks to find out if participants make active use (e. g., posting information, commenting) or passive use (e. g., viewing profiles and posts, scrolling). The obtained results showed that social comparison is the main predictor of psychological distress. The motivation for use related to pass time / exhibitionism was also a significant predictor. In addition, an indirect effect of passive use on perceived psychological distress could be verified, considering social comparison as a mediating variable. Therefore, using the social networks passively would generate greater discomfort if the user tends to compare themselves with those who make the publications. The results of this study allow both users and healthcare and education providers to have greater knowledge of the consequences of using social media on individuals' overall well-being, and to promote their proper use.

Relación entre estigma de peso y alimentación emocional: una aproximación desde el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales / Relation between weight stigma and emotional eating: an approach from structural equation modeling

Introducción: se ha demostrado que la ingesta alimentaria es uno de los principales factores que influyen en el incremento del peso y que el estigma de peso contribuye a una mayor alimentación emocional. Sin embargo, los factores que median esta relación han sido menos estudiados. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la relación que existe entre estigma de peso y alimentación emocional, y si esta relación está mediada por la internalización del sesgo de peso y el malestar psicológico. Métodos: una muestra no probabilística de 332 personas de población general (192 mujeres y 140 hombres) respondió instrumentos psicológicos de autorreporte y proporcionó medidas antropométricas. Resultados: por medio de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), se identificaron relaciones directas, entre las que destaca la relación del estigma de peso y alimentación emocional (β = 0,422, p < 0,001), además de la relación indirecta entre estas variables mediante la internalización del sesgo de peso y malestar psicológico (βindirecto = 0,016, p = < 0,05). El modelo tuvo buenos indicadores de bondad de ajuste y explicó un 85 % de la varianza. Conclusión: los resultados muestran la importancia de incluir variables psicológicas y conductuales en el tratamiento de la alimentación emocional en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad, así como de abordar estos temas desde políticas públicas para disminuir el estigma asociado que aún impera en la sociedad. (AU)

Introduction: dietary intake has been shown to be one of the main factors influencing weight gain, and weight stigma contributes to increased emotional eating. However, the factors that mediate this relationship have been less studied. Objective: the aim of this study was to identify the relationship between weight stigma and emotional eating, and whether this relationship is mediated by internalizing weight bias and psychological distress. Methods: a non-probabilistic sample of 332 people from the general population (192 women and 140 men) answered self-report psychological instruments and provided anthropometric measurements. Results: through structural equation analysis (SEM), direct relationships were identified, among which the relationship between weight stigma and emotional eating stands out (β = 0.422, p < 0.001), in addition to the indirect relationship between these variables mediated by internalized weight bias and psychological distress (βindirect = 0.016, p = < 0.05). The model had good indicators of goodness of fit and explained 85 % of the variance. Conclusion: the results show the importance of including psychological and behavioral variables in the treatment of emotional eating in people with overweight and obesity, as well as addressing these issues from public policies to reduce the associated stigma that still prevails in society. (AU)

Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) en jóvenes universitarios limeños: Evidencias Iniciales de Validez y Confiabilidad / Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) in young university Metropolitan Lima: Initial Evidence of Validity and Reliability

Resumen Con la finalidad de evaluar la presencia de insatisfacción corporal en jóvenes varones, resulta importante contar con instrumentos adecuados que midan esta insatisfacción y que garanticen resultados válidos. En el Perú y en diversos países, no se cuenta con gran variedad de herramientas apropiadas que midan la insatisfacción de la imagen corporal en varones, por lo que el propósito de la investigación fue adaptar lingüística y psicométricamente el BSQ en un grupo de jóvenes varones universitarios (n=320) de Lima Metropolitana con un rango de edad de 18 a 30 años. Se obtuvo una explicación del 50.72% sobre la variabilidad del instrumento y los resultados mostraron una excelente consistencia interna en ambos factores: 1) Malestar Corporal Normativo (α= .88) y 2) Malestar Corporal Patológico (α= .87). Respecto a la validez convergente y divergente, el BSQ demostró una buena capacidad para determinar la presencia de insatisfacción de la imagen corporal denotando una convergencia positiva y significativa entre ambos factores del BSQ con el Afecto Negativo del SPANAS, explicando como todos estos sentimientos negativos se encuentran presentes e influyen con la aparición de esta incomodidad. Se discuten las limitaciones y recomendaciones del estudio, y la dirección de futuras investigaciones.

Abstract In order to evaluate the presence of corporal dissatisfaction in young men, it is important to have adequate instruments to measure this dissatisfaction and guarantee valid results. However, in Peru and several countries, there is not a great variety of appropriate tools to assess body image dissatisfaction. The present research aimed to adapt the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) to a group of young male university students (N = 320) from Metropolitan Lima with an age range of 18 to 30 years. Results showed a 2-factor structure that explained 50.72% of the total variance. An excellent internal consistency was obtained in both factors: 1) Normative Body Uncomfort (α = .88) and 2) Pathological Body Uncomfort (α = .87). Regarding convergent and divergent validity, the BSQ showed good ability to determine the presence of body image dissatisfaction, denoting a positive and significant convergence between both BSQ factors with the PANAS Negative Affect, explaining how all these negative feelings are present and influence with this discomfort. Finally, the limitations and recommendations of the study, as well as the direction of future research are discussed.

[Relation between weight stigma and emotional eating: an approach from structural equation modeling]. / Relación entre estigma de peso y alimentación emocional: una aproximación desde el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.

Introduction: Introduction: dietary intake has been shown to be one of the main factors influencing weight gain, and weight stigma contributes to increased emotional eating. However, the factors that mediate this relationship have been less studied. Objective: the aim of this study was to identify the relationship between weight stigma and emotional eating, and whether this relationship is mediated by internalizing weight bias and psychological distress. Methods: a non-probabilistic sample of 332 people from the general population (192 women and 140 men) answered self-report psychological instruments and provided anthropometric measurements. Results: through structural equation analysis (SEM), direct relationships were identified, among which the relationship between weight stigma and emotional eating stands out (ß = 0.422, p < 0.001), in addition to the indirect relationship between these variables mediated by internalized weight bias and psychological distress (ßindirect = 0.016, p = < 0.05). The model had good indicators of goodness of fit and explained 85 % of the variance. Conclusion: the results show the importance of including psychological and behavioral variables in the treatment of emotional eating in people with overweight and obesity, as well as addressing these issues from public policies to reduce the associated stigma that still prevails in society.

Introducción: Introducción: se ha demostrado que la ingesta alimentaria es uno de los principales factores que influyen en el incremento del peso y que el estigma de peso contribuye a una mayor alimentación emocional. Sin embargo, los factores que median esta relación han sido menos estudiados. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la relación que existe entre estigma de peso y alimentación emocional, y si esta relación está mediada por la internalización del sesgo de peso y el malestar psicológico. Métodos: una muestra no probabilística de 332 personas de población general (192 mujeres y 140 hombres) respondió instrumentos psicológicos de autorreporte y proporcionó medidas antropométricas. Resultados: por medio de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), se identificaron relaciones directas, entre las que destaca la relación del estigma de peso y alimentación emocional (ß = 0,422, p < 0,001), además de la relación indirecta entre estas variables mediante la internalización del sesgo de peso y malestar psicológico (ßindirecto = 0,016, p = < 0,05). El modelo tuvo buenos indicadores de bondad de ajuste y explicó un 85 % de la varianza. Conclusión: los resultados muestran la importancia de incluir variables psicológicas y conductuales en el tratamiento de la alimentación emocional en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad, así como de abordar estos temas desde políticas públicas para disminuir el estigma asociado que aún impera en la sociedad.

Associations between coping strategies and psychological distress among people living in Ukraine, Poland, and Taiwan during the initial stage of the 2022 War in Ukraine.

Background: The 2022 War in Ukraine has significantly affected the psychological well-being and daily lives of people in many countries.Objective: Two aims of this transnational study were (1) to compare psychological distress and coping strategies among people living in Ukraine, Poland, and Taiwan, (2) to examine whether the associations between various coping strategies (ie. problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidance) and psychological distress (ie. depression, anxiety, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and hopelessness about the ongoing war) differed among people of various countries during the initial stage of the 2022 War in Ukraine.Method: In total, 1,598 participants (362 from Ukraine, 1,051 from Poland, and 185 from Taiwan) were recruited using an online advertisement to complete online survey questionnaires, including the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory; the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; the Impact of Event Scale-Revised; and a questionnaire devised to assess the level of hopelessness about the ongoing war.Results: Psychological distress and adoption of coping strategies differed across people of various countries. Among Taiwanese and Polish respondents, avoidant coping strategies were most strongly associated with all categories of psychological distress compared with problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies. However, the associations of various coping strategies with psychological distress differed to a less extent among Ukrainian respondents. In addition, problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies had comparable associations with psychological distress among the people of Ukraine, Poland, and Taiwan.Conclusions: The 2022 War in Ukraine has affected the psychological well-being of people, especially the Ukrainians. Because of the strong association between the adoption of avoidance coping strategies and psychological distress, despite a less extent among Ukrainian respondents, adaptive coping strategies such as (problem- and emotion-focused) are suggested to help people during times of war.

The 2022 War in Ukraine affected the psychological well-being in Ukraine and elsewhere.Compared with problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies, avoidant coping strategies had stronger association with psychological distress, but it varied among different cultures.

Malestar psicológico y preocupaciones psicosociales durante la tercera ola de la pandemia en pacientes oncológicos y familiares: Un análisis exploratorio / Distress and pychosocial concers during the third wave of the pandemic among oncological patients and family caregivers: an exploratory análisis

Objetivo: Describir el malestar psicológico y las preocupaciones psicosociales durante la tercera ola de la pandemia de los pacientes oncológicos y sus familiares y analizar la evolución de estas variables teniendo como referencia los meses de abril y diciembre de 2020. Método. Se utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado que estaba compuesto por ítems elaborados ad hoc para evaluar las características sociodemográficas y las preocupaciones psicosociales y la escala Kessler K-6 para evaluar el malestar psicológico. Resultados. La proporción de pacientes y familiares que presentaban niveles clínicos de malestar era mayor que la de la población general. El porcentaje de personas con cáncer que mostraba malestar psicológico en niveles clínicos se incrementó significativamente durante el mes de diciembre de 2020, en comparación con el mes de abril. Este aumento fue especialmente significativo entre las mujeres y los pacientes más jóvenes, siendo también estas poblaciones las más afectadas en el primer momento de medida. Las preocupaciones más frecuentes en la población oncológica (pacientes y familiares) durante el mes de diciembre de 2020 fueron: el miedo a contraer la COVID-19, la inquietud y el miedo al futuro, la suspensión de los contactos y la ausencia del contacto cara a cara y la inactividad en las calles y comercios. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones específicas que permitan cubrir las secuelas psicológicas y las preocupaciones psicosociales derivadas de la COVID-19 en los pacientes oncológicos y sus familiares (AU)

Aim: Describe the psychological distress and the psychosocial concerns during the third wave of the pandemic in oncological patients and family caregivers and analyze the evolution of these variables in cancer patients taking as references April and December of 2020. Method. The researchers developed a self-administered questionnaire. It was composed by items developed ad hoc to assess sociodemographic characteristics and social concerns and the Kessler K-6 scale to measure psychological distress. Results.The proportion of oncological patients and family caregivers who showed clinical levels of distress was higher than that the ones of non-oncological population during December 2020. Clinical distress was higher in oncological patients during the December 2020, compared to April levels. This increase was especially significant among women and younger patients in both assessment moments. The main social concerns at the third wave for oncological patients and family caregivers were: the fear of contracting COVID-19, restlessness and fear of the future, suspension of the social contacts, the absence of face-to-face contact and inactivity in the streets and shops. Conclusions.The results of this study highlight the need to provide the proper care to oncological patients and family caregivers due to the presence of socio-emotional needs, and to develop strategies that allow them to be covered from psychological impact of COVID-19 (AU)

Validez de constructo y propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario “Respuestas al afecto positivo” (RAP) / Construct validity and psychometric properties of the questionnaire "Responses to Positive Affect" (RAP)

Los estudios constatan el papel de la rumia depresiva como un amplificador del estado de ánimo negativo, sin embargo, se conoce menos sobre la rumia relacionada con el afecto positivo. Presentamos la validez de constructo y propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario “Respuestas al afecto positivo” (RAP) en una muestra de 302 personas de la población general (55,2% mujeres), con edades entre los 18 y 68 años (M= 28,6; DT= 12,0). Los análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio indican una estructura de dos factores: rumia positiva centrada en la emoción y en la persona (α= 0,88) y amortiguación (α= 0,83), ambos con una adecuada invarianza configural, métrica y escalar por sexo. Los dos factores presentan una adecuada validez convergente, discriminante e incremental con constructos relacionados con el afecto negativo y positivo. Los resultados se discuten atendiendo a los estudios revisados y se propone el RAP como instrumento de evaluación en procedimientos terapéuticos que tratan de potenciar el afecto positivo y el bienestar psicológico. (AU)

Previous studies confirm the role of depressive rumination in the exacerbation of negative mood. However, less is known about rumination in relation to positive affect. We present the construct validity and psychometric properties of the Responses to Positive Affect (RAP) questionnaire in a sample of 302 people from the general population (55.2% female), aged 18-68 years (M= 28.6, SD= 12.0). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicate a two-factor structure: emotion- and person-centered positive rumination (α= .88) and buffering (α= .83), both with adequate configural, metric and scalar invariance by sex. The two factors present adequate convergent, discriminant and incremental validity with constructs related to negative and positive affect. The results are discussed according to the studies reviewed and the RAP is proposed as an assessment instrument in therapeutic procedures that seek to enhance positive affect and psychological wellbeing. (AU)

Relationships of emotion regulation to procrastination, life satisfaction and resilience to discomfort / Las relaciones de la regulación de las emociones con la procastinación, la satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia al malestar

Background: Emotion regulation involves the modulation of emotional experiences to facilitate goal attainment. Conversely, emotional difficulties are a pattern of emotional experiences and expressions that interfere with goal-directed behavior. Objectives: Our aim was to determine the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties with procrastination, life satisfaction, and resilience to distress. Methods: The sample consisted of 366 individuals from the general population, with a mean age of 33 years (SD=15) and 62.1% female. Results: Procrastination was positively related to the six emotional distress regulation strategies and negative affect (NA), and negatively related to positive affect (PA). Life satisfaction and distress endurance are negatively related to the identified regulation strategies and NA, and positively related to PA. Procrastination, once NA and PA are controlled is predicted by lack of clarity and lack of goals. Satisfaction with life and resistance to distress are predicted by less lack of strategies. Conclusions: It is concluded that of the sociodemographic variables only age is relevant to procrastination, given that people younger than 21 years score higher on this construct. Procrastination is positively related to the six dimensions of difficulties in emotion regulation, where it is predicted by lack of goals and lack of clarity, however, satisfaction with life and resistance to discomfort by less lack of strategies.

Introducción: La regulación de las emociones implica la modulación de las experiencias de las emociones para facilitar la consecución de los objetivos, por el contrario, las dificultades emocionales son un patrón de experiencias y/o expresiones emocionales que interfieren con el comportamiento dirigido a objetivos. Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la relación entre las dificultades en la regulación emocional con la postergación, la satisfacción con la vida y la resiliencia a la angustia. Método: La muestra consistió en 366 personas de la población general, con una media de edad de 33 años (DE=15) y un 62.1% de mujeres. Resultados: La postergación se relaciona positivamente con las seis estrategias de dificultades en la regulación de las emociones y el afecto negativo (AN), y negativamente con el afecto positivo (AP), la satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia a la angustia. La satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia a la angustia se relacionan negativamente con las estrategias de regulación identificadas y con el afecto negativo, y positivamente con el afecto positivo. La postergación, una vez controlado el AN y el AP se predice por la falta de claridad y la falta de objetivos. La satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia a la angustia son predichas por menos falta de estrategias. Conclusiones: Se concluye que de las variables sociodemográficas solo la edad es relevante en la postergación, dado que las personas menores de 21 años puntúan más elevado en este constructo. La postergación se relaciona positivamente con las seis dimensiones de las dificultades en la regulación de las emociones, en las que es predicha por la falta de objetivos y la falta de claridad, sin embargo, la satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia al malestar por menos falta de estrategias.